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Hiwit @titille JOHN S. MORTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 102,300, lated April 26, 1870.

PNEUMATIC VACUUM-ENGINE.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the saire.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN S. Monroy, ofpPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Pneumatic Vacuum-Engine, of which the following is a. specification.

The improvements herein described relate to the pneumatic vacuum engine described inthe application ile'd by said JOHN S. MORTON, together with Joseph H; Lauiug, December 16, 186( Referring to the drawings- Figure 1 represents a plan, and

Figure 2 a side elevation of the complete engine.

The remaining figures represent details.

Figure 3 being a vertical section ofthe vacuum vessel, which includes two Vacuum-chambers, the surrounding water-jacket, and top and bottom valves for said chambers,and showing, also, the lire-box.

Figure 4, an enlarged view, in vertical section, of the slide valves and valveseat which I employ for opening and closing the air-ports of the cylinder, and the exhaust-ports or openings into'the vessels, which connect the cylinder with the vacuum-chambers.

Figure 5, a vertical section of the valve f1 and V shaped shield o.

Figure 6, a horizontal section through thc upper part of the furnace, showing the rest h1 for the valve j", and the solid and tubular rods constituting the frame of'which the valve f1 is moved.

Figure 7, a vertical section on the line :t y of fig. 6, being intended to show the hollows in base c, for thecirculation of water through this base, as hereinafter described.

Figure 8, a vertical section of the cylinder, piston, piston-rod, air-ports, Vacuum-ports, valve and airchest.

l Figure 9, a longitudinal section of the two vessels j, for connecting cylinder a with the vacuum-chainbers.

Figure l0 represents a transverse section of the \-'acuumvessels, and a longitudinal section of a single vessel, 02, which may be employed in place of the two conuecting-vessels,j, for connecting the vacuum-chambers'q and rl' with the cylinder a, showing, also, a D- valve, q2, and one exhaust-port, u2, instead of the two exhaust-ports, shown in fig. 4.

Figure 11 is a plan of the guides for the valvestems shown in figs. 9 and 10.

a, figs. 1 and 8, is the cylinder. It has removable heads, b and c.

l is the piston, which .constructed in the usual manner, of metallic elastic split-rings, so as tolbe selfpacking or adjusting.

e is the piston-rod.

f is the Valve-seat, which is -a casting attached to the cylinder.

' ,It is provided with the ports g and lt for the induction of air, and with the ports 'i and le, which lead into thc vessels j, iig. 1, which connect the cylinder c with the vacuum-chambers.

In iig. 8, l isa slide valve for opening and closing ports gh 'i lt', and m is the air-chest', into which atmospheric air is-admitted, more or less fi'eely, as rcquircd, through the aperture n, which is controlled by.`

the valve o.

4 1i, fig. 2, is the vacuum-vessel. I t 'comprises the two vacuum-chambers q and lr, fig. 3, which are snrrounded by the water-jacket s. rlhe chambers q and o' are connected by the two vessels j, (scc fig. 1,) with the cylinder a.

t, figs. 2 and 3, is the fire-box or furnace, in which a llame is generated by the-combustion of naphtha or oil, supplied from au elevated reservoir, u, 1 and 2, and conducted by means of a pipe, c, near to the bottom of the tube w, which is open at cach end, in the furnace or fire-box t, fig. 3.

A burneror device, a pian of which is shown in Figure 12,-with two or more perforations for the escape of .thc naphtha or oil, is applied to the extremity of the pipe fv. The oit or naphthabeing ignited at thc start, soon, by its combustion, heat-s that part of pipe c within the tube w sufficiently to convert the escaping naphtha or oil into gas, which supports the llame.

wz, iig's. 1 and 2, is an open-topped tank, containing water. It is connected with the water-jacket s, fig. 3, by pipes, z and a, figs. 1 and 2, the pipe z bcing attached at its lower end to the hollow arml,iig.

2, which projects from the hollow base c, which is connected with the upper part of the jacket s by an outside pipe, cl, as shown in fig. 2.

The pipe al is attached to the top of the water-jacket, thus providing means for the constant circulation of water through the tank and water-jacket.

el and f1, figs. 3 and 5, represent the slide valves by which the vacuum-chambers q and o are alternately opened and closed.

lhc valve c1 is impelle'd by the bar gl, which is part 'of the valve-frame t1, a plan of which is shown in gThe valve f1, when not in action, rests loosely on the bar lil, iigs. 3, 5, vand 6, and is impcllcd by said bar h1, which forms part of a frame similar to the frame il.

The connecting-pieces j and lt1,.vig. 1, of the valveframes are tubes, each made open at both ends, in order that the air may pass freely through them to keep them cool.

fml and nl, the guide-rods of the valves el and f, are also tubes, left open at cach end, as appears in iig. 3.

o1, figs.' 3 and 5, isa V-shapcd guard, which csf tends along under the valve f1 for its fullv length, it being attached to bar h1, and serving to shield said last-named valve from the direct influence of the flaine, which it Yat the same time directs into the vaeuum-charnbers q and fr alternately.

The piston-rod e, (see fig. 8,) is connected in the usual manner to the cross-head pl, fig. 1, which slides in the guides q1 and r.

sl, lig. 1, is the rod which connects the cross-head p1 with the crank b1, which is on the shaft Iu1 of the ily-wheel v.

The valveZ (see fig. 8) is worked in the manner usually employed for steam-valves of like construetion, its stem, a2, being attached to an upright lever, w1, fig. l, which proceeds from the rock-shaft x1, which has a crank, y', which is operated by alever, 51, which is attached to an ordinary eccentric, b2, on the shaft nl of the fly-wheel.

The valves el and f1, figs. 1, 3, and 5, for opening and closing the vacuum chambers q and fr, are operated primarily by an eccentric, c2, tig. 1, which, also, is placed on the shaft of the ily-wheel.

The valve-stems .fm1 and nl, figs. 2 and 3, are attached by flexible joints to arms dz and e2, respectively, fig. 2, of the upright rock-shaft f2, which is` attached by a short arm, g2, to the self-adjusting device h2, flg. 1, the frame 7a2, g. 2,of which is connected by a pivot-joint to the yoke of the eccentric lever t2, lig-1, and has an independent longitudinal motion on its spindle fm2, sufficient to allow the'ecceutric c2 to turn through a large part of its revolution without moving the valves el and f1,f1g. 3, while it at the right time gives the instantaneous throw to these valves.

n2, Iig. 2, represents a removable chimney or device for increasing the draught of the flame into the vacuum-chambers q and r, tig; 3.

o3 and jp (see g. 9) are valves in vesselsj, figs. l and 9.) These valves open toward the vacuum-chambers q and r, alternately, as the vacuum is produced in said chambers respectively.

' r2, Eg. 2, is a faucet for emptying the water-jacket s, when it is desired to do so.

.The following describes the operation of the engine:

The chamber q being open a't both ends, as shown in fig. 3, the ame or heat and rarefied air from the fire-box enter through -the lower aperture of said chamber q, consuming and expanding the air therein, and driving it out through the upper aperture of this chamber. At the same time, the atmosphere presses through the open port h, fig. 8, on the piston d, and drives it to the opposite end of the cylinder toward the vacuum already formed in chamber r. rlhe arrangement of the valve-rods a2, ml, and nl, and their connected operating parts being such, that, the instant the piston d reaches the end of its stroke, the air-port h and the upper and lower apertures of the vacuum-chamber q are closed, the valve f1 having the lead,and the air-port g and upper and lower apertures of the vacuum-chamber fr are at the same time opened. The opening of the apertures last named allows the heat or llame and rareiied air from fire-box t to enter the vacuum-chamber r through the lower apertures of this chamber, consuming and expanding the air therein, and driving it out of this chamber through its upper aperture. At the same time, the

atmosphere, through the open port y, fig. 8, presses on the piston (l, and drives it toward the opposite end of the cylinder a. v

rlhus, it will be seen, that a partial vacuum is althe piston (I, and that the motion of the said piston into or toward either such vacuum, is due wholly to the pressure of the atmosphere exerted alternately on opposite faces of the piston.

Iihe body of the vacuum-chambers q and e is a casting of iron, and surrounded with a casing, which constitutes the outer` wall of the water-jacket. The casing may be of light boiler-iron, attached to the body of the vacuum-chambers by bolts or rivets, or in any other substantial manner.

The top and bottoni portions of the vacuum-chambers q and lr, fig. 3, on which the valves el and f1 slide, may be made removable, so that they can be renewed or repaired with facility in case of wear.

The pipe z, fig. 2, is shown to be attached to the hollow arm Zl of the lsupport for the lower valve-frame. It may, however, be att-ached directly to the side of the water-jacket s.

Instead of employing the two connecting-vessels Ymarked j, one connecting-vessel, o2, fig. l0, provided with two valves, sz and 152,'may be employed, and, in that case, a D-valve, q2, f g. 10, and a single exhaustport, wz, may be used. l y

Instead of naphtha or oil for fuel, the ordinary illuminating-gas may be employed.

The object of surrounding the vacuum-chambers with a water-jacket, s, andconnectiug the jacket with an open reservoir to keep up circulation, being to maintain a uniform temperature not exceeding 2120 Fahrenheit in the chamber, by allowing the evaporation of the water to go on, similar results will be accomplished, but in a less convenient and el'lieient manner, and without circulation through a separate reservoir, by leaving the top of the jacket open, or by attaching to its top open pipes, ora single openf pipe, to allwthe evaporation of the water to go on.

I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patenttinct vacuum-chambers, and a surrounding waterjacket, and single valves for the top and bottom apertures of the chambers, respectively, substantially .as set forth.

2. The combination of the said vacuum-vessel p, the two connecting-vessels j, with their respective valves, the cylinder a., piston (l, .and air-valve I, substantially asset forth.

3. The combination of said vacuum-vessel p, the

Y single connecting-vessel o2, with its two valves s2 and t2, the cylinder a, piston (I, and valve q2, substantially' as set forth.

4. The eccentrico?, in combination with the selfadjusting device h2 and valves e1 and j" at the top and bottom of the vacuum-chambers q and r, substantially as set forth.

5. The frames for the valves el and f1, constructed wholly or partly of open tubes to admit the passage of air through them, substantially as set forth.

6. The V- shaped guard o1, to shield valve j" from the direct inuence of the heat, and for directing the heat alternately into the two vacuum-chambers q and r, substantially as set forth.

7. rlhe vacuum-vessel p, in combination with the described devices for generating heat.

JOHN' S. MORTON.

Witnesses:

(luenen E. Bueunnr, WM. J. Bumps.

ternately formed in the chambers q and of, in front of l. The single vacuum-vessel p, comprising two dis` 

